Author: default
Last saved by: Timothy Allen
Company: South Lake Schools

Test Learning Chapter 6

1. | Every time Brandy drops a cricket into the cage of her pet tarantula, Chompers, he begins to salivate.  Brandy has gotten in the habit of playing her favorite CD when she feeds Chompers. After several pairings of the cricket and her favorite CD, all Brandy has to do is play the CD and Chompers begins to salivate.  In this example, Brandy's favorite CD is the
A) | unconditioned stimulus.
B) | conditioned stimulus.
C) | unconditioned response.
D) | conditioned response.
E) | primary reinforcer.

2. | Which of the following is an example of habituation?
A) | A cat learns that the sound of the electric can opener means that she will be fed soon.
B) | A child learns how to turn on the television by watching his father.
C) | An infant gradually stops paying attention to a continuous buzzing noise.
D) | A dog learns not to chew on his owner’s slippers after he is scolded.
E) | A monkey learns a complex maze to obtain food.

3. | After Maria drank coffee for the first time, she felt more awake. She then drank coffee every morning. Now when she even smells coffee, she feels more awake. Feeling more awake after just smelling the coffee is the
A) | conditioned stimulus.
B) | unconditioned stimulus.
C) | conditioned response.
D) | unconditioned response.
E) | neutral stimulus.

4. | Gabby is a 6 year-old girl who has an allergy and becomes nauseated when she eats peanut butter.  One day her mother gave her a peanut butter and jelly sandwich on a new red plate.  Gabby got sick after eating it.  Later her mom gives her a turkey sandwich, which Gabby loves, on the same plate and Gabby gets sick.  Soon, all Gabby has to do is look at the red plate and she is nauseated.  In this situation ______ is the conditioned stimulus.
A) | ice cream
B) | the red plate
C) | turkey
D) | peanut butter
E) | nausea

5. | Han is fearful of the powerful Jabba. Han becomes fearful when he hears Jabba's low voice, but also becomes fearful when he hears any low voice. What phenomenon best explains Han's tendency to become fearful when hearing any low voice?
A) | Extinction
B) | Reconditioning
C) | Stimulus generalization
D) | Stimulus discrimination
E) | Spontaneous recovery

6. | As the months passed, Kurt began taking more and more heroin because the initial dose didn't seem to give him the same high.  Eventually Kurt was addicted to heroin.  According to opponent-process theory, ______ may have been the basis of Kurt's dangerous addiction.
A) | sensitization
B) | learning
C) | habituation
D) | classical conditioning
E) | learned helplessness

7. | Jon ate a hamburger that was contaminated with nasty bacteria.  While eating the burger, Jon was watching an episode of the television show Small Wonder.  Jon soon developed an aversion to hamburgers, but not to the television program, because of
A) | second order conditioning.
B) | stimulus generalization.
C) | the law of effect.
D) | reconditioning.
E) | biopreparedness.

8. | Talon drank one too many cans of "Jooky" last night. Talon spent the morning vomiting, and now even the smell of Jooky makes Talon nauseous. Talon is experiencing a ______________, which can best be explained by ______________ conditioning.
A) | taste aversion; operant
B) | taste aversion; classical
C) | learned immune response; operant
D) | learned immune response; classical
E) | phobic response; operant

9. | Veronica is deathly afraid of pink highlighters.  To overcome her highlighter-phobia, Veronica saw a therapist who extinguished her fear of highlighters and conditioned her to learn a new relaxing response to highlighters.  The therapist's technique is known as
A) | systematic desensitization.
B) | instrumental conditioning.
C) | reconditioning.
D) | operant conditioning.
E) | biopreparedness.

10. | Lavonne hates to listen to new age music. So, when Lavonne refuses to clean her room, her mother makes her stay in her room and plays new age music through the intercom. Her mother tells Lavonne that as soon as she finishes cleaning her room the music will be stopped.  This is an example of
A) | positive reinforcement.
B) | negative reinforcement.
C) | punishment.
D) | shaping.
E) | penalty.

11. | After Nadia spills water all over her painting, her first grade art teacher gives her some M&M's to make her feel better. The next time art class meets, Nadia promptly and purposefully spills water. The M&M's acted as
A) | negative reinforcers.
B) | an activity preference.
C) | positive reinforcers.
D) | secondary reinforcers.
E) | vicarious; learning cues.

12. | Whenever Lisa's aunts visit, they kiss her on the cheek. Lisa hates this and eventually learns that they will not kiss her if she is coughing. Now whenever her aunts enter her home, she pretends to cough. This is an example of
A) | avoidance conditioning.
B) | escape conditioning.
C) | latent learning.
D) | punishment.
E) | learned helplessness.

13. | Whenever Calvin threw his sister's doll in the toilet, his mother would lock Calvin in his room.  As soon as Calvin apologized, his mother would let him out. Eventually, Calvin learned to apologize immediately, so that he could get out of his room sooner. Calvin is demonstrating
A) | punishment.
B) | latent learning.
C) | avoidance conditioning.
D) | positive reinforcement.
E) | escape conditioning.

14. | Jia is a bear trainer at the circus.  She wants to teach Barney the bear to ride a unicycle. To do this, Jia first rewards Barney for sitting up. Then she rewards Barney only if he sits on the unicycle seat.  Next she rewards him only for sitting on the unicycle seat and raising his paws towards the pedals and so on. By show time, Barney can ride the unicycle. This method is called
A) | second-order conditioning.
B) | reconditioning.
C) | shaping.
D) | latent learning.
E) | spontaneous recovery.

15. | During every pay period that Shauna isn't late to work, she gets a bonus added to her paycheck. As a result, Shauna is never late to work. The extra money added to her paycheck is a(n)
A) | discriminative stimulus.
B) | operant.
C) | primary reinforcer.
D) | secondary reinforcer.
E) | generalized stimulus.

16. | Tyrell wants to teach his two daughters, Sarah and Mia, to practice their golf swing every day.  Each time after Sarah finishes practicing, he gives her five dollars, and each time after Mia finishes practicing, he gives her a handful of M&Ms.  Sarah is receiving a __________ reinforcer and Mia is receiving a __________ reinforcer.
A) | secondary; secondary
B) | primary; primary
C) | partial; primary
D) | primary; secondary
E) | secondary; primary

17. | In token economies, therapists give mental patients tokens such as poker chips for desired behaviors.  The tokens reinforce desired behaviors because they can be exchanged for TV time, desserts, and other desired commodities.  The tokens are thus ______ reinforcers.
A) | primary
B) | secondary
C) | negative
D) | partial
E) | latent

18. | Fred was tired of hearing two-year-old Pebbles cry whenever she did not get her way. Fred decided to ignore Pebbles anytime she had a crying outburst. Over the course of several weeks, the frequency of outbursts decreased and eventually ceased. What operant conditioning process was Fred utilizing?
A) | Shaping
B) | Negative reinforcement
C) | Second order
D) | Extinction
E) | Reconditioning

19. | Continued gambling behavior is best explained in terms of which process of learning?
A) | Classical conditioning
B) | Social learning
C) | Partial reinforcement
D) | Observational learning
E) | Insight

20. | Keleka's parents often deal with her misbehavior by not allowing her to watch her favorite TV program, Speed Racer. Marnie's parents deal with Marnie's misbehavior by spanking her. Keleka's parents are using ______________ and Marnie's parents are using ______________.
A) | punishment; negative reinforcement
B) | escape conditioning; avoidance conditioning
C) | negative reinforcement; punishment
D) | punishment; punishment
E) | avoidance conditioning; escape conditioning

21. | Bill and Ben are about to have breakfast. Their mother asks Bill, "What would you like for breakfast?" Bill answers, "I would like some damn porridge." She slaps him, then turns to Ben and asks, "And what would you like?" Ben answers, "I don't really care, as long as it isn't any of that damn porridge!" Ben's misunderstanding highlights the importance of
A) | immediate and efficiently severe punishments.
B) | children learning through imitation.
C) | appropriate responses being identified and positively reinforced.
D) | specifying why punishment is being administered.
E) | the partial reinforcement extinction effect.

22. | Which of the following is not a disadvantage of punishment?
A) | Punishment is an aggressive act.
B) | Punishment gives no information on how to correct inappropriate behavior.
C) | Punishment produces unwanted side effects.
D) | Punishment suppresses autonomic arousal.
E) | Punishment is often associated with the punisher.

23. | Insomniacs tend to use their beds for non-sleeping activities such as reading, watching TV, writing letters, and so on. If they stop these activities, and begin to use the bed exclusively for sleep, there is a good chance that their insomnia will be eliminated. This example uses principles of
A) | skill learning.
B) | over-learning.
C) | operant conditioning.
D) | discriminant conditioning.
E) | latent learning.

24. | Jerome tried to please his parents by always being good, but whenever Jerome's older brother, Tom, misbehaved, their parents would punish both Tom and Jerome. Jerome soon stopped trying to please his parents because he didn't think it would make any difference. This change in Jerome's behavior is an example of
A) | classical conditioning.
B) | vicarious conditioning.
C) | positive reinforcement.
D) | learned helplessness.
E) | the partial extinction effect.

25. | When she was young, Nadia's father would always travel in a straight line through a forest if they became lost. Since she was always with her father when hiking, she never had to think much about this tactic. Many years later, while hiking alone, she did become lost but was able to escape the forest using her father's technique. This demonstrates
A) | a cognitive map.
B) | avoidance conditioning.
C) | insight.
D) | vicarious learning.
E) | latent learning.

26. | While she was growing up, Lindsay was repeatedly told by others that she can't understand math concepts and she will never be any good at math.  By the time Lindsay reached high school math classes, she didn't put any effort into the classes because she didn't think any amount of effort would help her to do well at math.  This is an example of
A) | classical conditioning.
B) | secondorder conditioning.
C) | learned helplessness.
D) | stimulus discrimination.
E) | habituation.

27. | Kong is scared to death of bananas and banana peels. However, he watches others eat bananas and receive a rewarding piece of candy every time they throw their banana peel away. Eventually, Kong began to eat bananas and throw the peels away. Kong learned through
A) | insight learning.
B) | classical conditioning.
C) | vicarious learning.
D) | second-order conditioning.
E) | latent learning.

28. | Perrin is sitting in front of a device that shows a few sentences with key words left blank. It is his job to supply the correct words. Perrin will be immediately reinforced (or not), depending on the accuracy of his answers. This is an example of
A) | a partial reinforcement schedule.
B) | skill learning.
C) | vicarious conditioning.
D) | an identical element.
E) | active learning.

29. | Fred has decided to learn to play the harmonica. In order to learn this skill most efficiently, Fred should adopt an approach that emphasizes
A) | observation.
B) | visualization.
C) | practice.
D) | insight.
E) | reward and punishment.

30. | Bandura is associated with all of the following except
A) | Social Learning theory
B) | Modeling behavior
C) | Classical Conditioning
D) | The Bobo Doll
E) | He is associated with all of these.

| For each concept, indicate which psychologist is most associated with it.
A) | Skinner
B) | Watson
C) | Cover-Jones
D) | Bandura
E) | Pavlov
	 F)    Thorndike
	 G)     Garcia
	H)    Tolman

31.  Dogs			37.  Cognitive Mapping		43.  Emotional Conditioning
32.  Cats			38.  Taste Aversion			44.  Little Peter
33.  Pigeons			39.  Law of Effect			45.  Latent Learning
34.  Little Albert		40.  Reinforcement			46.  Social Learning	
35. Deconditioning 		41.  Operant Conditioing		47.  biopreparedness
36.  Bobo Doll			42.  Classical Conditioning		48.  Consequences

Please ANSWER ON THE BACK OF YOUR TEST ANSWER SHEET.	

Thinking Critically: Does Watching Violence on Television Make People More Violent?
Estimations are that the average child in the U.S. spends about three hours each day watching television. Prime-time TV programs present an average of five violent acts per hour’ some Saturday morning cartoons include more than twenty violent acts per hour. Before graduating from elementary school, the average American child will have watched about 8,000 murders and more than 100,000 other acts of televised violence.
Psychologists speculate that watching televised violence might be emotionally arousing, making it more likely that viewers will react violently to frustration in the environment and the violence might also provide models that viewers imitate. In addition, prolonged viewing of violent TV programs might desensitize viewers, making them less distressed when seeing others suffer and less disturbed about inflicting pain on others.

1.	 For this scenario, please explain how the following terms fit into this example.

Behaviorism				Observational learning
Socio-cultural				Bandura
Conditioning				Watson
Reinforcement				Generalization

2.  In your opinion, is it possible to prove the connection between violent programs and aggressive behavior.  Make sure you take all information into account.

Answer Key

1. | B
2. | C
3. | C
4. | B
5. | C
6. | C
7. | E
8. | B
9. | A
10. | B
11. | C
12. | A
13. | E
14. | C
15. | D
16. | E
17. | B
18. | D
19. | C
20. | D
21. | D
22. | D
23. | C
24. | D
25. | E
26. | C
27. | C
28. | E
29. | C
30. | E
31. | E
32. | D